Mr Forsyth says what makes the conflict even more nightmarish has been the use of violence against children as a tactic of terror.

With the UN education envoy, Gordon Brown, they were seeking $160m (?106m) from the international community to provide education for 500,000 youngsters.

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"In this war, children are deliberately the target. There are no two ways around that. In northern Iraq, I recently met a mother who told me how they executed her eight-year-old son in front of her.

The partnership between the charity and Pearson aims to support education for this "lost generation" and to provide a sense of normality for youngsters who face years in refugee camps.

It's a problem now lapping on the shores of southern Europe.

"In another case they slit the throats of children in front of their parents. These are deliberate acts of terror. It's a way of getting the community to flee in front of them. You create mass terror.

"The scandal isn't just about those not in school, but as many again who are in school and not learning anything. We have to focus on the outcomes.

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But he says "it's not enough just to make a donation and feel good about yourself".

"There are huge numbers of children out of school. It's going to breed instability and extremism."

Justin Forsyth says education needs to be seen as a key part of humanitarian assistance

"Even in the most difficult communities, you can make significant progress if you've got a clear vision and strategy, and understand what you're trying to do and apply it in a very persistent way.

John Fallon, speaking in Pearson's London headquarters, said: "Something like this feels quite overwhelming and humbling, because I look at it and think it's a pretty small contribution in the overall scale of the challenge."

They will work on projects such as teacher training, developing a curriculum and using information technology, with the aim of finding ideas that can be replicated and shared.

To put that into context, the annual global spend on education is now about $5trn (?3.32trn)

Save the Children chief executive Justin Forsyth told the BBC that the Syrian crisis was now in the "top league of humanitarian disasters of all time".

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"But it's also this issue of trauma, many have been tortured or witnessed terrible atrocities and it helps them overcome that trauma to have some normality in their lives, and school is a really important part of that."

The company has an ethos of "social impact" and he says "if we're going to be true to that philosophy it has to be something we do for all sections of the community and all parts of the world", including those in the most desperate circumstances.